Career Opportunities for Business Students Essay

Profession Opportunities for Business Students - Essay Example In any case, the paper covers zones of enthusiasm for business understudies who have finished four years in school. Since the choice of further investigations by seeking after an alumni program is accessible to these understudies, this alternative is secured too. The paper takes a gander at the wellsprings of data that are accessible online to give direction to understudies who need to think about the possibilities after they graduate. The greater part of the employments promoted for bookkeepers and examiners require at least a four year college education in bookkeeping. This is the situation with practically all the bookkeeping related employments and subsequently one needs to have a degree in bookkeeping on the off chance that one needs to take up work as a bookkeeper or an examiner. Bookkeepers and inspectors are in extraordinary interest over the United States and the occupations pay well and have different advantages that incorporate advantages and remittances. Because of the progressing monetary emergency, there has been a drop in the quantity of employments accessible in these fields. Nonetheless, the silver coating is that bookkeeping employments for alumni of bookkeeping courses have been expanding with the indications of recuperation that are noticeable at this point. Further, bookkeepers and evaluators are required in any event, when the firm is cutting occupations in different divisions. This is a direct result of the way that the fiscal reports and different techniques for bookkeeping should be dealt with consistently. The measurements show that 21 % of all compensation employments were held by bookkeepers and evaluators. This figure speaks to the way that these callings are tremendously looked for after. In any case, the thorough idea of the course discourages numerous understudies from seeking after courses in these subjects. Consequently, the ones who continue on are remunerated for their difficult work and determination in finishing the course. The run of the mill bosses for bookkeepers and evaluators run from the counseling firms to the legislative occupations. The class of managers is expansive and the counseling firms pay the most, however, this has gotten a bone of dispute on account of the current financial emergency. The reality remains that any association needs a bookkeeper to take care of the accounting and related money related capacity. Consequently, there is an extraordinary interest for these positions at all levels and in all organizations. The bookkeeping calling is an all climate work calling. Patterns The current patterns in the bookkeeping business are an accentuation on independent work just as interest for bookkeepers who know about the different administrative prerequisites that are being brought by the legislature. I will look at both of these patterns independently. The last pattern has gotten progressively articulated with the presentation of the Sarbanes Oxley act and the resulting appropriation of stricter bookkeeping guidelines. Further, the continuous monetary emergency will undoubtedly bring about more prominent oversight and guideline. The pattern towards utilizing bookkeepers who know about the activities of the administrative systems is great for those understudies who have acclimated themselves with the different administrative structures that have been presented in the US. The other pattern of independently employed bookkeepers will undoubtedly develop with the financial emergency prompting a framework where bookkeepers are recruited for the present moment without lasting work by the organizations. The other critical pattern in the bookkeeping prof

Women in management in the 21st centuary Term Paper

Ladies in the board in the 21st centuary - Term Paper Example This is reasonable in that these experts have for some time been engaged with helping associations and people oversee and control deviation in a way that licenses people from all foundations to hear and be heard and cooperate effectively. Assorted variety and incorporation has been centered around employing, holding and advancing ladies. Ladies have become a noteworthy power in numerous countries over the globe. For innumerable associations, assorted variety strategies offer a serious edge, as it permits them to profit by all the planned emerging from the positive varieties among the laborers. It is huge to understand that sexual orientation assumes an extensive job in components of the business working procedure. Over the world, the quantity of ladies in the board positions has expanded significantly. Be that as it may, numerous ladies have not accomplished the top places of associations and face various weights, both outside and interior, to the organizations where they work. Gener ally, ladies were seen as genuinely and mentally mediocre compared to men and before essayists had noticed that these perceptions have produced impediments to women’s calling advancement and came about to bias. It isn't trying for ladies to accomplish work at the low degrees of the executives in organizations since the benchmarks for enrollment and headway are unbiased. Be that as it may, it is as yet trying for them to move to top administration positions where the choice benchmarks are one-sided. Studies demonstrate that women’s progress towards what has customarily been alluded as men’s professions is especially insignificant. Universally, the view of ladies as having less required administration qualities is regular among numerous male administration work force. Level of ladies in Senior Management Positions in multi nationals and Government Agencies all around Women’s status is an essential pointer of social headway. Supporting uniformity among ladie s and men is essential to increase the quantity of ladies in the executives levels in associations. In the course of recent years, ladies have achieved an impressive part of spotlight in pretty much every area and corner of the world. For example, in human expressions, more ladies executives were equipped for getting their work into the films, theaters and TVs. In legislative issues, a high number of ladies won decisions, for example, South Korea swore in its first female president. As indicated by the Grant Thorton International Business Report (2013), right around 21 countries over the world have ladies as the head of state or the legislature and the quantity of ladies in parliament totaled to 21percent. In the corporate world, various ladies have driven global organizations, for example, Marissa Mayer broke the ground when she assumed control over the authority of Yahoo when right around a half year pregnant. The conversation proceeds regarding whether ladies will ever accomplish equity with men in the workforce. Despite the fact that the previous four decades have seen an enormous generational change, with more ladies inflowing the work power over the world, a great deal requires to be done to advance ladies to top administration positions. In 2012, ladies in United States established more than 30 percent of the whole work power. In any case, they possess just 14 percent of the top administration places of the Fortune 500 organizations and only 8 percent of official top worker positions. Among the FTSE 100, ladies just held 16% of the board positions and 7 percent of the official situations in 2012. Then again, the quantity of ladies in board positions was half of the number in United States (Grant

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Contextual analysis Example The criminal equity strategies in the United States of America are guided by the 1967 Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. One of the best and historic accomplishments of this gathering was the distribution of a report named The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society (Cole Smith and DeJong, 2014). The report has more than 200 suggestions relating to the US Criminal Justice approaches. These proposals were a piece of the extensive methodology of the commission towards forestalling and battling against the wrongdoing in the nation. Not many of the suggestions made by the commission could discover their place in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. It was supported by The President’s Commission that with those proposals the coordination between the authorization power, courts and the restorative organizations has seen an extraordinary improvement. It is pointed by the Commission that criminal equity is the mean through which bot h society and the people in the nation is shielded from any wrongdoing. The wrongdoing submitted was a theft. The person in question, Mr. Milton Brown, was burglarized at the gunpoint by two attackers named Bertha Bloutt and William Bloutt in Broadway and First Avenue on 11 October 2011. The attackers have looted the money that Mr. Earthy colored was taking from the every day stores of his store BJ Shoes alongside his wallet and the vehicle keys1. Mr. Earthy colored revealed this wrongdoing to Winston police office. It is obligatory that all the criminal equity process follow a consecutive way to deal with come to the justice2. In this area of the article the grouping of the criminal equity framework will be examined dependent on the picked contextual investigation including the burglary of money from Milton Brown and the denounced are Bertha Bloutt and William Bloutt. Mr. Earthy colored revealed the wrongdoing for which he turned into the casualty to the Winston police division, which Contextual investigation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 30 Contextual investigation Example Clients have since recognized the organization with top notch items. The wide scope of items guaranteed they catch an enormous piece of the overall industry. The organization has looked to advertise its image utilizing a few techniques that have seen it develop significantly. With just around two decades since its beginning, the supervisory group has indefatigably attempted to see the business gain predominance in the business. With over $200 million contributed every year throughout the previous five years, the organization has dug in itself very well in the market. The administration understood that spending extensively in sport sponsorship just as in commercials would cause it to distinguish itself in the objective market. This has since been done through sorting out and supporting various game occasions. All the while, printed pullovers with the organization logo have gotten the focused on customers’ consideration. Moreover, the organization has utilized a few media stages to publicize and contact their objective market. Electronic media have been mounting concentrated crusades that try to advance the company’s brand and ‘Protect This House’ is among them. UnderAmour comprehends that having clear and viable dissemination channels is basic to showcase achievement. It is hence that it has profited its items in more than twenty 5,000 retail outlets everywhere throughout the globe. A huge segment of UnderAmour’s items go through discount before getting to the retailers who profit them to the purchasers. Somewhere in the range of 2011 and 2013, enormous deals of around 70% originated from the multi-purpose deals made to huge store retailers. Besides, the organization additionally takes part in ‘direct to shopper sales’. This includes empowering shoppers to legitimately get the items from the stores inside the industrial facility. A similarly enormous rate has been recorded through this; the most noteworthy being 30%. Important is the web based business exchange which client can request or items and shop on the web. The organization has moreover

Students Should Do Homework

Students Should Do HomeworkHomework can be a useful tool when you don't want to go into the school library and get it in front of the teacher. You can save the paper, a lot of the time, and most of the energy you use to do it, by doing it in the comfort of your own home. But there are some students who have a real problem with doing homework and they become too upset at the whole process.When I was in elementary school, my class did not take out of school time for any extra lessons. For every subject that came up on tests, we did nothing else but do the math homework that was provided for us. At the time, I thought this was great, because we didn't have a lot of time to worry about how to learn new subjects, but later, as I got older, I discovered that this method of teaching taught me one very important lesson.Doing the hardest subject first was the worst thing you could do. This pattern eventually led to a serious lack of sleep, which didn't help the student any more than it helped me.My school teacher later informed me that the student who insisted on doing his homework first actually hurt himself. He put more pressure on himself because he was afraid of making mistakes, so he spent more time doing something he felt was not necessary. This habit was also damaging to other students, because it distracted them from learning the material better, so they were left confused about what they had just learned.Our society is the fastest growing in history, and a lot of this growth comes from our schools. As more kids come into the classroom each day, it is important that they learn the skills necessary to succeed in life. In today's society, there is a lot of pressure put on kids, and this pressure can sometimes lead to unhealthy habits, such as doing homework.I suggest that all of our students do some homework at least once a week, whether they like it or not. I also recommend that they write a report on whatever subject they feel they know best and add it to their course work. By doing this, you are really putting yourself in a position where you will be learning something and also being given something tangible to look at while you are studying.Doing homework in the real world is a great way to make it easier for you to study and is also a great way to keep your brain active. If your teacher gave you a grade before you left for the day, it is a good idea to do it after you leave as well.

American Foreign Policy - 1482 Words

As the Cold War continued, American foreign policy morphed. In 1953, upon the election of President Dwight David Eisenhower, Republicans held the majority in both the House and Senate (Hagen, Ruttan 1988, 4). President Eisenhower aspired to cut military spending and abandon containment. From the battlefield to the White House, Eisenhower relied on his military experience and knowledge to hone foreign policy strategies. Though Eisenhower’s policies had endured during his presidency, Kennedy’s presidency presented different challenges. It had become evident that American foreign policy needed to be reengineered, particularly as a result of important political tensions, including the Cuban missile crisis. Foreign Policy under Eisenhower The â€Å"New Look,† the brainchild of Eisenhower and his cabinet, would be characterized by a greater reliance on nuclear weapons and force as a means to combat the Soviet Union. Some felt that this new approach to foreign policy was controversial (Boyle 2005, 45). Whether it was considered controversial or tactical, the New Look was financially attractive and well allied to Eisenhower’s focus on the reduction of expenditures (Wenger 1997, 49). Eisenhower believed that building up a conventional military that would be a sufficient and credible deterrent would financially bankrupt the West (Boyle 2005, 45). Thus, he theorized that the proliferation of and greater reliance on nuclear weapons would result in a lessening demand for manpower.Show MoreRelatedInternational Relations And American Foreign Policy1320 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Relations and American Foreign Policy are both strong qualities that help define America as a na tion. Not only that, but a strong nation that has the reputation to not be trifled with. The concept of International Relations is so much broader than most will ever know and be aware of. It is such a vast field that almost anything can fall under it. However, there are four main qualities of our foreign policy and international relations that define the process, and that is statesmanshipRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy And Foreign Aid1366 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Foreign Policy and Foreign Aid America tends to involved herself in many other countries affairs. This creates large amounts of national debt, war, and in some cases enemies. I believe that the American government should leave other counties alone until they decrease nation debt, decrease unemployment rate, and end our current complications with other countries. For those of you who do not know what foreign policy is, it is the way that America’s government interacts with other countriesRead MoreForeign Policy : A Central Concern For The Average American1533 Words   |  7 PagesPaper #1†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Foreign policy has recently lost its place as a central concern for the average American. With our representatives more focused on domestic issues, such as the economy, most overlook or simply ignore what’s going on overseas. As a result, our leaders fail to address these issues and even those running for president resist defining their stance on foreign policy in a concrete fashion because they know m ost Americans are not paying attention. I will argue that foreign policy should playRead More American Foreign Policy in the 1890s Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Foreign Policy in the 1890s American foreign policy during the 1890s was based on many factors that each acted as an individual justification for our country’s behavior as a whole. Racism, nationalism, commercialism, and humanitarianism each had its own role in the actions America took against other nations. Most Americans were extremely racist during this time period. The predominant culture in the country was white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestants, aka WASPs. They scorned the now free blackRead MoreNational Security Structure Development in Steven Hook and John Spaniers Book, American Foreign Policy Since WWII807 Words   |  4 PagesPost-World War II National Security Structure Development Steven Hook and John Spaniers 2012 book titled â€Å"American foreign policy since WWII serves as one of the most important texts that can be used in understanding the underlying complexities on American foreign policies. Like the first readings that are analyzed in class (American Diplomacy by George Kennan and Surprise, Security, and the American Experience by John Lewis Gaddis), this text also brings history into a more understandable context. AsideRead MoreWeakness Of The American Foreign Policy Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesWas the weakness of the American foreign policy the cause to the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan in 1979? ` The dà ©tente, a time were US and USSR were aiming to improve relations, did not prevent all diverse threats towards the USSR lead to a reaction such as their aggressive invasion of Afghanistan. In 1979, the Soviet Union made a fateful decision of invading Afghanistan. To put at risk this easing of strained relations which began in 1971 with the Soviet invasion, USSR must have had a valid enoughRead MoreU.S. Foreign Policy From 1890-1930. American Foreign Policy1388 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Foreign policy from 1890-1930 American foreign policy from 1890-1930 was driven primarily by our businesslike economic and strategic considerations based on American self-interest. With westward expansion over, there had to be a new way for the United States to continue expansion. In the name of maintaining our innovative spirit and political ideology, our conquest for money, resources and trade took us outside of our borders for the first time. After all, how could we continue this upwardRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy: American Civilization Progressed838 Words   |  4 PagesUntil the end of the twentieth century Americas policy towards war was to stay neutral. We stayed out of other governments battles and we avoided war. The United States did not force our ideals on any foreign governments. The US did not want to be the bully who forces countries into having freedom and independence. This noninterventionist America, devoted to solving its own problems and developing its own civilization, became the won der of the world. People were compelled to come to this wonderfulRead MoreAmerican Strategy For U.s. Foreign Policy829 Words   |  4 PagesMead, a Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, believes that â€Å"American strategy for U.S. foreign policy is shaped from four distinct schools of thought: Hamilton and his protectionist toward commence, Wilson and his sense of moral principles; Jefferson and his maintenance of our democratic system; and Jackson, the advocate of populist values and military might.† Henry Kissinger argued that one of these schools has dominated American strategy and stated, â€Å"It is aboveRead MoreThe Cold War : American Foreign Policy1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe lens of American foreign policy following World War Two in his article, â€Å"After the Cold War: American Foreign Policy in the 1970s.† Kennan, unlike Leffler, Schlesinger, and Brzezinski, believes that the battle between the two nations over he gemony is beyond comparison to the dangers which threaten all of humanity. The threats Kennan provides are environmental, the unstable nature of the United Nations, and nuclear weapons. He provides a critical analysis of American foreign policy following WWII

Film Review Dracula By Bram Stoker Essay - 1789 Words

Whenever a novel is published, there usually is a movie to follow, but one may wonder why they are so different. Some believe filmmakers make changes in order to shorten the book into a movie. Trying to keep the film watchers engaged, there are many ways to change a novel into a completely different story, whether it has to do with changing the roles of the main characters, scenes, theme, time period, or even the overall story. After reading the gothic book Dracula written by Bram Stoker in 1897, it is amazing how the storyline is similar to the 1931 horror film, Dracula directed by Browning, starring Bela Lugosi. However, they differ in many key characteristics confusing the audience. Although the Dracula novel and the film are similar in many aspects, the directors of the 1931 Dracula give different roles to the main characters, exclude major sexual content, and amplify the character of the Count to bring out the monstrosity in an attempt to better fit the time period. Throughout the 1931 film, Dracula the filmmakers change the roles of the main characters in Bram Stoker’s novel. After understanding the storyline of the book, one might be very confused when watching this film. The directors take the characters from Bram Stoker’s book and switch them around, giving the main roles to other individuals. One may say the filmmaker does this to prove the monstrosity of the Count in the 1931 film. As Reinfield leaves the castle he is all messed up and confused due to Dracula’sShow MoreRelatedFilm Review : Dracula By Bram Stoker Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to having to shortening the novel into movie. Trying to keep the film watchers engaged, there are many ways to change a novel into a completely different story, whether it has to do with changing the roles of the main characters, scenes, theme, time period, or even the overall story. After reading the gothic novel Dracula written by Bram Stoker in 1897, it is amazing how the storyline is similar to the 1931 horror film, Dracula directed by Browning, starring Bela Lugosi. However, they differ inRead MoreAbraham Stoker and Theater1231 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham (Bram) Stoker began his life bedridden, weak, and helpless. Stoker, third of seven children, was born in Clontarf, a suburb of Dublin, on November 8, 1847 (Whitelaw 9). His parents were Abraham Stoker, from Dublin, and Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley, who was raised in County Sligo (â€Å"Bram Stoker†). He spent most of his early childhood laying in bed, watching his brothers and sisters play outside through a dusty old window. â€Å"As a child, he wondered if he would get sicker--if he would endRead MoreAbraham Bram Stoker: A Brief Biography705 Words   |  3 PagesAbraham Bram Stoker, born in Dublin on November 8, 1847, was an Irish novelist, theatre critic and short story writer. As a child, Stoker was often ill and he spent most of his time in bed. His mother, who was as a charity worker a nd a writer, told him horror stories that, most likely, had influenced his later writings. The ones he found most interesting were the stories about the cholera epidemic in 1832, which killed thousands of people in Europe and North America. In 1864, Stoker enrolled at theRead MoreEssay about Bram Stoker1449 Words   |  6 PagesBram Stoker Bram Stoker unleashed his horrific creation on an unsuspecting world over one hundred years ago. One could hardly imagine that his creature of the night would delight and inhabit the nightmares of every generation between his and ours. Count Dracula has become an icon of evil, and is perhaps the most widely recognized bogeyman in all of world literature. To date, there have been over one hundred films made about Dracula or other assorted vampires, not to mention countless novelsRead MoreBram Stoker : Father Of All Vampires1786 Words   |  8 PagesEric Ruiz Mrs. Cahill English 5/7/2017 Bram Stoker: Father of All Vampires There are a lot of new horror movies coming soon to theatres this 2017, and they have tons of hype building up from people all over the world. There was also a recent social media phenomenon that took place where random people would roam the streets in the dark, dressed as evil clowns, only to terrify and spook the public. The popularity of the horror genre is only increasing and advancing as the years go by, but who wereRead MoreHow Dracula Is The Most Famous Literary Vampire1658 Words   |  7 Pages An Immortal Soul: Why Dracula is the Most Famous Literary Vampire The title character and antagonist of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula is an easily recognizable character in the Western canon. Without ever reading the book or watching any of the countless movie adaptations, people will craft vampire characters with feelings and behaviors nearly identical to those of Dracula. However, Dracula’s success is not because it was the first novel of its kind. Vampiric literature had been around forRead MoreSubverted 19th Century Traditional Social Mores and Norms in Dracula1059 Words   |  5 PagesMores and Norms in Dracula Bram Stoker’s Dracula remains one of the more recognizable novels of its genre despite being published in 1897. A classic horror story which has been retold and produced over and over again since its original publication, Dracula was especially disturbing when it originally was released because of how Stoker attacks Victorian era social mores and norms throughout the entire novel. Stoker subverts traditional 19th Century social mores and norms in Dracula through the portrayalRead MoreComparing Bram Stoker’s Dracula and the 1972 Film Blacula Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker’s Dracula is not only a classic story of men and monsters, but a dramatic reactionary work to the perceived threats to Victorian society in nineteenth century England. In modern times there have been many film adaptations of the novel, each developing a unique analysis or criticism of the literary text within the framework of the society and time period in which it was created. T he 1972 film Blacula is one of the most culturally specific variations on the story of Dracula, and highlightsRead MoreBram Stokers Dracula: A Variation of a Classic Work in Modern Time1509 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath of his one true love, as he chose to become the undead. Director, Francis Ford Coppola, in his work, â€Å"Bram Stoker’s Dracula†, reaches beyond the words to prove Dracula was more than a monster in creating the movie. Coppola focuses on Dracula as a man, as well as a knight, who is both deeply in love with his church and his bride. The historical elements in the writings of Bram Stoker come to life more so in Coppola’s work with the movie, than in the book. My goal of this paper is to prove howRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Modern Vampires on Society1980 Words   |  8 Pagesbought the first book because I was wondering why this genre is so famous. I was surprised and I continued reading. Then I researched further. I was a kind of skeptical, b ut also addicted reader. Finally, I made a conclusion that Bram Stoker, the author of the novel â€Å"Dracula† is certainly turning over in his grave. After I got used to the fact that in this century vampires in literature are vegetarians, spark in the sunlight, all of them are attractive creatures with a 17-year-old body, but with a 104

Supply Chain Management of VF Brands

Question: Discuss about theSupply Chain Management of VF Brands. Answer: Introduction VF Brands Company is renowned for serving consumers with more than 30 brands trough several medium of distribution. Several brands of the company includes Jeanswear, image wear, contemporary brands, sportswear and outdoor and actions sports (Yu and Tseng 2014). The firm is focused on achieving sustainable, extended term growth driven by constant geographic expansion long with the companys wholesale partners and owned retail, acquisitions and product innovations. The objective of the report is to describe VF Brands supply chain along with its activities, partners, relationships and shareholders. Moreover, the two major brands or products of the along with the business needs of its consumers will be evaluated through assessing the effectiveness of its supply chain in meet business requirements (Gemp et al. 2014). The report evaluates the supply chain strategy of VF Brands international supply chain strategy. It was gathered that the company has employed a combination of in-house manufa cturing along with traditional arms-length sourcing arrangements. Illustration and Description of VFs Supply Chain Importance of VF Supply Chain Activities and its Link with Strategic Goals VF Brands has recently modified its supply chain strategy in which the company focused on producing apparels from its own plants and its huge suppliers network. Outsourcing strategy is one among the major supply chain activities of the company. This activity of VF Brands is focused on ensuring flexibility (Yang et al. 2015). Outsourcing activity also offers strong incentives for its suppliers in decreasing costs for competing with its upcoming contracts. Sourcing activities was developed for every single product of the company. This had to be done on several levels of its supply chain and not only for the final garment assemblage (Annese et al. 2014). Outsourcing supply chain activity facilitated VF Brands to identify its sources for raw materials, accessories and fabrics so that they are produced in cost effective manner and as per the demands of its consumers internationally. The company in consideration to their managerial also selected suppliers and technical capabilities along with expertise in particular garment segments of the brand (Tajabadi and Kazemi 2016). Another major activity of VF Brands supply chain is strategy of traditional sourcing and in-house manufacturing. This unique operations strategy offered the company a competitive advantage as all its competitors completely relied on outsourcing rather than any internal manufacturing (Altmann 2014). Such supply chain activity ensured that Brands internal manufacturing plants were observed to be among the best all over the world in respect of reliability, quality and efficiency. Building a superior quality supplier network is the third major supply chain activity of VF Brands. Under this activity, the prospective suppliers were required to be visited and their production capabilities were carefully evaluated. Such activity helped the company to meet its strategic goals of maintaining a strict policy of conducting business with the suppliers those followed globally renowned standards for employee safety and protection (Annese et al. 2014). This major supply chain activity facilitated the company in maintaining efficient working relationships with suppliers. The supply chain activities of VF Brands also included expansion of its product lines internationally with constant replenishment of fresh designs. The product designers of the company totally focused on generating a new range of fashion products that has the capability to address new consumer expectations (Lee and Kashmanian 2013). Business Requirements of VF the Brands Consumers have towards its Supply Chain The supply chain strategy of VF Brands is observed to be aligned with its major business requirements. The consumers of some of the major brands of VF Brands Company have certain business requirements that the brands must have towards the companys supply chain. Lee and Wrangler are deemed two major brands of VF Brands Company whose consumers have several business requirements from the supply chain of these brands (Lee and Kashmanian 2013). Because of the globalization of the supply chains of these two brands, VF Brands faced challenges regarding finding suppliers, coordinating product flows and managing sourcing relationships. The consumers of these two Jeanswear brands expected the companys supply chain offer fully integrated services to them. The consumers of these brands demanded quick service. In consideration to such expectations of the consumers of its lee and wrangler Jeanswear brands, VF Brands decided to manufacture 60% of its jeans in-house (Yang et al. 2015). These brands were greatly targeted within the US market that needed extremely quick response times and sourced a great range of the products under the brands internally. The consumers of these brands expected the companys Jeanswear brands such as lee and Wrangler to present classic product lines with new designs every year. To address such business requirements, VF Brands outsourced its supply chain activities such as raw materials gathering and manufacturing in order to minimize its inventory costs despite of presenting newly designed Jeanswear as per consumers expectations. The VF Brands attained huge experience with sourcing for its two major brands (Lee and Wrangler) (Annese et al. 2014). Considering this, its management team also started to realize that the companys supply chain network offered a considerable platform for business growth for these brands. Because of the considerable differences in the consumers product requirements for these brands across several regions of the world, all through the season VF Brands supply chain ensured to be extremely responsive to these needs. To address different needs of consumers in different regions, VF B rands supply chain management had developed planned internal and external capacity, managed inventory and streamlined manufacturing processes and product designs needed to go from fabric to finished goods on its entire stores shelf (Yang et al. 2015). Sourcing Arrangements and their Strategic Implications The Third way can be deemed as a partnership model, which includes arrangements of traditional sourcing and certain aspects of outsourcing and collaboration. It is revealed that the objective of such supply chain strategy is to develop a sourcing relationship that consist certain virtues of vertical integration with the sourcing flexibility (Kashmanian and Moore 2014). One among the three sourcing arrangements under the third way strategy is cut and make contracts. Under this sourcing arrangement approach, VF Brands tend to strike distinct contracts for its suppliers at every stage of the manufacturing process (components fabric, cutting, sewing, finishing, and washing) (Delke 2015). VF Brands Company owned the inventory and along with that, the suppliers were paid for the value added of their specific step. The Company was also accountable for coordinating the products flow from one supplier to another. The benefit of such approach is that it facilitated the company to maintain a gr eat control on the costs at every stage. CM contracts were mostly employed for heritage lines out of the Central American along with Carrabin suppliers and were managed in accordance with internal production operations (Papadopoulos et al. 2017). The second approach is package sourcing under which the suppliers of the company, an individual supply accepts of the responsibility for the overall process from the raw materials to the finished products and shipping them to the market. They were paid based on every single manufactured piece and had the responsibility of paying their sub-contractors, suppliers of raw materials along with logistic expenses (More and Subash Babu 2012). In such situation, VF Brands Company did not have any kind of materials ownership along the production process. Full package sourcing is the third approach that was generally used for the companys lifestyle brands all through its business units in Asia, Northern Africa and Europe. The third approach was to enhance the quality and reliability of the companys service that they received from the sourcing (Yu and Tseng 2014). These three sourcing arrangements within the VF Brand companys Third Way strategy is very effective in bringing down the expenses through continuously expanding the base of suppliers to the lower cost locations. An increasing focus on the low cost sourcing has enabled the company to attain its total corporate margin targets (10-15%) (Delke 2015). However, it is also believed that in consideration to its major sourcing arrangements VF Brands Company requires to shift its attention from searching the lower cost suppliers to better management of its suppliers base. Conclusion The objective of the report was to describe VF Brands supply chain along with its activities, partners, relationships and shareholders. The report evaluated the supply chain strategy of VF Brands international supply chain strategy. It was gathered that the company has employed a combination of in-house manufacturing along with traditional arms-length sourcing arrangements. It was gathered from the report that the major activity of VF Brands supply chain is strategy of traditional sourcing and in-house manufacturing. This unique operations strategy offered the company a competitive advantage as all its competitors completely relied on outsourcing rather than any internal manufacturing. It was also revealed that the objective of such supply chain strategy is to develop a sourcing relationship that consist certain virtues of vertical integration with the sourcing flexibility. Evaluation of the supply chain strategy finally depicted that VF Brand Companys Third Way strategy is very effe ctive in bringing down the expenses through continuously expanding the base of suppliers to the lower cost locations. Reference List Altmann, M., 2014. A robust optimization approach for de-signing an environmentally conscious supply chain with consideration of cus-tomer-specific environmental product.Supply Management Research: Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse 2014, p.185. Annese, V.F., Biccario, G.E., Cipriani, S. and De Venuto, D., 2014. Organoleptic properties remote sensing and life-time prediction along the perishables goods supply-chain. InProceedings of the 8th International Conference on Sensing Technology. Annese, V.F., Loseto, G., Ruta, M., Di Sciascio, E. and De Venuto, D., 2014. Wireless Sensor Network and On-line Shelf-Life Prediction in Perishable Goods Supply Chain through First-Order Kinetic Model.Proceedings of SCORE@ POLIBA, pp.3-5. Delke, V.F., 2015. The Resource Dependence Theory: Assessment and Evaluation as a Contributing Theory for Supply Management. Gemp, I., Mahadevan, S. and Liu, B., 2014. Solving Large Sustainable Supply Chain Networks using Variational Inequalities. Kashmanian, R.M. and Moore, J.R., 2014. Building greater sustainability in supply chains.Environmental Quality Management,23(4), pp.13-37. Lee, T. and Kashmanian, R.M., 2013. Supply Chain Sustainability: Compliance?and Performance?Based Tools.Environmental Quality Management,22(4), pp.1-23. More, D. and Subash Babu, A., 2012. Strategic approach to manage supply chain flexibility: a proposal.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,11(4), pp.492-521. Papadopoulos, T., Gunasekaran, A., Dubey, R., Fosso Wamba, S. and Childe, S.J., 2017. World Class Sustainable Supply Chain Management: critical review and further research directions. Tajabadi, F.Z. and Kazemi, A., 2016. To develop an integrated model for green supply chain.Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences,8(3), pp.1340-1365. Yang, T., Fu, C., Liu, X., Pei, J., Liu, L. and Pardalos, P.M., 2015. Closed-loop supply chain inventory management with recovery information of reusable containers.Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, pp.1-27. Yu, V.F. and Tseng, L.C., 2014. Measuring social compliance performance in the global sustainable supply chain: an AHP approach.Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences,35(1), pp.47-72.

Similies and metaphors Essay Example

Similies and metaphors Essay At San Antonio he was like a man hidden in the dark. This is a simile which means that Jack Potter feels like a criminal. Thus, he believed that â€Å"He had committed an extraordinary crime.† This statement means that Jack believes that his method of marrying is similar to the way a criminal may act. A criminal will be hidden in the dark to kill his prey. Therefore, Jack went far away from Yellow Sky to meet his bride and actually get married. He got married in a place that is figuratively hidden from his town and his friends. Second, the simile may also describe his willingness to defend his love against everything that his friends and towns people will say against it. He has a knife, according to the simile, and he is willing to use this knife â€Å"to sever any friendly duty, any form†. Unfortunately, this feeling of ease existed only while he was far away from Yellow Sky. We will write a custom essay sample on Similies and metaphors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Similies and metaphors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Similies and metaphors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Potters mouth seemed to be merely a grave for his tongue. This means that he was unable to speak. The tongue is usually associated with the ability to speak. The mouth is also necessarily for speaking because people move their mouth when they speak. However, Jack was unable to move his mouth to speak. The tongue just lay at rest inside his mouth. It is compared the unmoving state of a corpse inside a grave. The grave has no other purpose, but to house the corpse. Similarly, Jack’s mouth, at that time, served no other purpose but be a place where his tongue may be located. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barbershop. This means that he is feeling a combination of being relaxed and impatient. A man in a barbershop is relaxed because he has nothing else to do. He is also impatient because he is waiting for his turn to have his hair cut. Thus, he merely sits waiting with â€Å"a hand on each knee†. This is how Jack looks like while sitting in the couch. He looks and actually is relaxed and impatient. He is relaxed because he is married. He is impatient because he has to tell his town about his marriage. It was a heavy and muscle-bound business, as that of a man shoeing his first horse. It means that it [fumbling a coin and giving the coin to the porter] was very difficult for Jack to do. A man shoeing a horse for the first time does not have the benefit of experience to make the task easier. This is made harder by the natural tendency of a horse to be restless and uncooperative to such tasks. This shows the level of difficulty that Jack had to endure. However, the difficulty referred to may be psychological or emotional, rather than physical. METAPHORS She was a slave to hideous rites gazing at the apparitional snake. This means that Jack’s wife is unable to move and do anything. When a slave is offered to a god or is witness to a hideous rite to appease the gods (such as gods coming in form of snakes), the slave is unable to do anything. This may be due to a combination of shock or lack of power. He was a simple child of the earlier plains. This means that Scratchy found it hard to adjust to the fact that Jack was already married. Like a child of the earlier plains, his knowledge about the aspect of Jack marrying a girl is very simple. Therefore, the marriage becomes a very big surprise. It involves something unfamiliar. It is like something that people will not normally see in earlier plains. Therefore, when faced with these new things, Scratch, like a simple child of the earlier plains, found it difficult to believe and adjust to them. This difficulty in adjustment caused the confusion felt by Scratchy and his inability to give proper reactions.

The Story of Suicide Sal by Bonnie Parker

The Story of Suicide Sal by Bonnie Parker The infamous couple of  Bonnie Parker  and Clyde Barrow were American criminals during the Great Depression who attracted a cult following during their days alive which has lasted to today. They died a gruesome yet sensational death together after a round of allegedly 50 bullets were fired at them during an ambush. Bonnie Parker was only 24 years old. While Bonnie Parkers name is more attached to the image of her as a gang member, arsenal  thief, and murderer, she was also a poet. The Story of Suicide Sal Bonnie showed an interest in writing at a young age. In school, she won prizes for spelling and writing. She continued to write after she dropped out of school. In fact, she wrote poems while she and Clyde were on the run from the law. She even submitted some of her poems to newspapers. Bonnie wrote The Story of Suicide Sal on pieces of scrap paper while she was held in the Kaufman jail in spring 1932. The poem was published in newspapers after it was found during the raid on  Bonnie and Clydes  hideout in Joplin, Missouri, on April 13, 1933. Dangerous Life Decisions The poem tells the story of a pair of doomed lovers, Sal and Jack, who are desperadoes driven to criminality by circumstances outside of their control. It can be assumed that Sal is Bonnie while Jack is Clyde. The poem is told from the perspective of an unnamed narrator, who then retells a story that Sal once told in the first person. From this piece, readers can glean some details about Bonnies life and thoughts. Beginning with the title, The Story of Suicide Sal makes it clear that Bonnie recognized her highly dangerous lifestyle and had premonitions of early death. A Harsh Environment In the poem, Sal says, I left my old home for the cityTo play in its mad dizzy whirl,Not knowing how little of pityIt holds for a country girl. Perhaps this stanza conveys how a harsh, unforgiving and fast-paced environment made Bonnie feel disoriented. Maybe these emotions set the scene for Bonnies turn to crime. Love for Clyde Then Sal says, There I fell for the line of a henchman,A professional killer from Chi;I couldnt help loving him madly;For him even now I would die....I was taught the ways of the underworld;Jack was just like a god to me. Again, Jack in this poem most likely represents Clyde. Bonnie felt passionate about Clyde, regarding him as a god and willing to die for him. This love probably prompted her to follow him in his line of work.   Lost Faith in Government Sal continues on to describe how she gets arrested and is eventually imprisoned. While her friends are able to rally some lawyers to defend her in court, Sal says, But it takes more than lawyers and moneyWhen  Uncle Sam  starts shaking you down. In American culture, Uncle Sam is a symbol that represents the U.S. government and is supposed to inspire patriotism and a sense of duty- a noble figure, so to speak. However, Bonnie paints Uncle Sam in a negative light by describing violent actions, like shaking you down. Perhaps this phrase speaks to Bonnie and Clydes belief that the government system had failed them. Bonnie/Sal continues to paint the government in a negative light by saying, I took the rap like good people,And never one squawk did I make. In describing herself as a good and compliant person, Bonnie implies that the government and/or the police are unfairly vilifying citizens trying to hustle and make ends meet during the Great Depression.

Ice Hockey- The North American vs. The European Style of Play Essay

Ice Hockey- The North American vs. The European Style of Play - Essay Example Ice hockey is generally played indoors on rinks, which are usually 200 feet wide and 85 feet wide in North America while outside the country, the rinks are 200.13 feet long and 98.5 feet wide. These are always surrounded by fences called boards with shatterproof glass affixed on top, in order to ensure that the puck stays within the limits of the rink and does not find its way outside, where it may be harmful for the spectators. However the size of the rink does not depend upon the age of the players (like in junior and adult soccer) or on the skill involved. These rinks are partitioned into two exact halves by a red line, while blue lines are drawn at a distance of 60 feet from each goal and demarcate the end zones. The area that lies in between the blue lines is referred to as the neutral zone. At the very center of the field is a blue spot which signals the spot where the play begins when the game starts for the first time, however at a distance of about 24 feet from the boards th ere are red spots located which signal the spots from which the play re-starts after interruptions (Loftus, 2005). The rink is curved at its outer ends and a another red line appears at the point where they begin to curve and the goal is situated at the middle of this goal line. The goal itself is an iron frame that is 4 feet high and 6 feet wide and has curved bars extending down to the surface of the ice. Stretched across these bars are mesh nets and the goals are held in place by dint of short pegs that are firmly embedded in the ice. In front of the net is the crease which is a painted half circle. Within the limits of this crease, players attacking from the opponent team are not permitted to make contact with the goalie, since this would constitute a foul. In order to reduce the likelihood of injury from collision with the net, the pegs and goal posts separate, and play must be stopped mandatorily whenever a net is

Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nike - Essay Example I will further elaborate on the financial performance with the help of the following ratio analysis. For the ratio analysis, the figures have been taken from the 2008 and 2009 financial statements. The current Ratio evaluates the liquidity of the company. It represents a safety net for the creditors. Nike has improved its liquidity over the last year. It now holds $3 for every $1 of its short term debts as compared to $2.7 of last year. In comparison to the relevant industry, it is one of the most liquid companies’ (Bloomberg, 2010). The analysis further shows that Nike holds an excess of the working capital in current assets which should be invested in the marketable securities for generation of further income. The Quick Ratio is another measure of solvency and measures the liquidity of the company. This ratio removes the inventory and prepaid from the current assets as they are not as liquid as others. Nike has improved its liquidity position in the market with a ratio of 2.4 as compared to 2.1 in 2008. It now holds $2.4 for every dollar of short term obligations to the creditors. The analysis further shows that more than 50% of the assets are help up in the receivables and hence, the company depends on the collections for meeting of the obligations. Compared to the industry, Bloomberg again reflects on the liquidity position of the company as one of the better company’s income (Bloomberg, 2010). The Debt to Equity ratio indicates the strength of the balance sheet rather than the growth and earnings prospects. Nike has reduced its debt ratio from 6% to 5% in 2009. Even though, the company increased the lending but at the same time, it also increases its equity in the market. Nike has always maintained its strength in the balance sheet because of the less leverage. Nike generated $0.05 in addition to a dollar in equity. Industry comparison shows that the company is least risky but it must add on its debt more so that it can generate

Understanding Society - Classical Liberalism Essay Example for Free

Understanding Society Classical Liberalism Essay The individualism that Durkheim sees and defends as the ethic of our time is an ethic not just of the individual hut of the individual as man. This is an absolutely fundamental point, and not as obvious and straightforward as, at first sight, it might seem. It involves a dualism, in which an ideal of individuality is part of the ideal of humanity (Miller, 1996 96). The dualism’s Durkheimian explanation concerns the development of the division of labor, such that there are increasingly only two fundamental identities we can have, the identity of the distinct â€Å"individual† and the identity in common of â€Å"man† (Hamilton, 1995 136). However, it also concerns the development of modern society such that it demands a Universalist ethic of â€Å"the person†. This means, amongst other things, insistence on every individual’s same basic moral status and rights to respect and regard. Indeed, an ethic of the person is the only way to extend this status to every individual, and to oppose reactionary individualisms that withhold it. The modern individualist ideal is and has to be, for Durkheim, humanist and republican, its aspirations find expression in 1789’s â€Å"liberty, equality, fraternity† (Miller, 1996 97). â€Å"Liberalism is neither a vague Zeitgeist nor the outlook of modern man, but clearly identifiable set of principles and institutional choices endorsed by specific politicians, publicists, and popular movements. The early history of liberalism cannot be detached from the political history, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, of England and Scotland, the Netherlands, the United States, and France† (Berkowitz, 1999 256). As for the main character of the discussion, liberalism for Durkheim remains part of the egoistic nature of man towards his environment. Discussion Durkheim published a response entitled, Individualism and the Intellectuals, wherein he discussed â€Å"the argument, always refuted and always renewed,† that â€Å"Intellectual and moral anarchy would be the inevitable result of liberalism. † Some varieties of liberalism, Durkheim conceded, are egoistic and threaten the common good of societies by encouraging the individual to become excessively preoccupied with self-interest. However, there is a strand of liberalism, Durkheim argued, that is moral and social. This form Durkheim called â€Å"moral Individualism† and he claimed that â€Å"not only is moral individualism not anarchical, but it henceforth is the only system of beliefs that can ensure the moral unity of the country. † In industrial, democratic nations such as France, moral virtue and unity are promoted by the liberal practices and ideals of moral individualism. France’s modern moral traditions are largely constituted by liberal institutions and values (Hamilton, 1995 124). Durkheim asserted chat â€Å"all communal life is impossible without the existence of interests superior to those of the individual. † From the outset of his career, Durkheim insisted that in modern Industrial society’s happiness and freedom are achieved in the context of moral beliefs and practice, embedded in vital traditions and institutions. Durkheim sees in the modern ideal â€Å"all the values to which he adheres most: equality, liberty, justice, fraternity†. Moreover, it is important to emphasize, he sees them as coming together in an inseparable package. It will not do to insist on a definition of freedom that in effect writes off other modern ideals, and that camouflages, behind a lot of philosophical talk, a recipe for a minimalist police state and an anemic and oppressive class-divided society (Berkowitz, 1999 257). It is a recipe for such things if only because the other ideals, which the libertarian state has to trample on, will not go away but are part of the modern world (Miller, 1996 97). Similarly, it will not do to insist on conceptions of equality and community that in effect write off freedom, in a recipe for a â€Å"despotic socialism†. Durkheim’s project is a commitment to a continuing, developing search to work and rework the human ideal’s different aspirations, which, whatever the tensions between them, must combine into a whole. It is bound to be a dispute-filled search, if only because of the nature of the human ideal, with its commitment to individualism and free thought, but also, in Durkheim’s account, because of the nature of modern individuality itself. However, his appeal to the division of labor as a basic source of our individuality can at the same time obscure the point about individuality itself as a source of differences and disputes (Miller, 1996 98). Critics of liberalism tend to be the more aggressive, eager to portray Hobbes as a paradigmatic liberal theorist whose geometric method, materialist metaphysics, mechanistic psychology, and atomistic vision of society exemplify the poverty of the liberal spirit (Tucker, 2001 68). Meanwhile, when confronted with the image of Hobbes as one of their own, liberals often react sharply; pointing to Hobbes’s theory of indivisible and inseparable sovereign power and insistence on state supervision of university curriculum and church teaching, they emphatically declare that Hobbes cannot be understood to be a liberal in any meaningful sense (Hamilton, 1995 138). As often happens when passions flare and partisans draw sharp lines in the sand, the truth in its complexity and fine-grained texture becomes the first casualty, in the debate over Hobbes’s relation to liberalism, each side errs not so much in what it points to as in what it fails to acknowledge in Hobbes’s political theory (Berkowitz, 1999 257). In their efforts to present Hobbes as liberalism’s torchbearer, liberalism’s critics abstract from the fact that Hobbes’s political science does little to insure the protection of traditional liberal freedoms and rejects the need, made thematic by the liberal tradition, to limit government power through careful institutional design (Pickering 2001 196). At the same time, liberals who wish to deny any relation whatsoever to Hobbes overlook the fact that Hobbes’s doctrine of absolute sovereignty is explicitly established for the limited purpose of securing and maintaining peace, while subjects’ obligation to obey the civil law is limited, according to Hobbes’s theory, by the natural and inalienable right to self-preservation (Hamilton, 1995 139). Hobbes argued that human beings are fundamentally equal and endowed with certain natural and in-alienable rights, defended the idea of a state based on the rule of law: maintained a basic distinction between the public and the private; envisaged a sovereign who respected personal freedom by permitting his subjects the liberty of commerce and contract, as well as the choice of profession, where to live, and how to raise their children: held that a primary task of a good government was to secure a rudimentary welfare for all citizens; affirmed that civil laws govern actions, not inner faith or conscience, insisted on the utility of toleration (Berkowitz, 1999 258). Adam Smith, on the other hand, introduced two forms of liberalism, specifically economic liberalism and social liberalism. Economic liberalism is primarily about efficiency, whereas social liberalism is primarily about freedom. In modern politics, they often appeal to quite different people (McLean, 2006 314). Economic liber als are often social conservatives, and vise versa. People who believe that the state should get out of the market often believe strongly that the state should police morals (Hamilton, 1995 141). The individualization of altruism thus connects with all the emphasis on how we each become an â€Å"autonomous source of action† and a centre of thought in which â€Å"the very materials of consciousness have a personal character† (McLean, 2006 315). It increasingly involves, around this â€Å"common faith†, ways of thinking and feeling that are â€Å"very general and indefinite† and that let in â€Å"a growing multitude of individual disagreements (McLean, 2006 323). Dissidences, even if including the differences of organic cohesion, must also refer to the conflicts involved in pluralism, factionalism and the freedom in which we each have our own â€Å"opinions, beliefs, aspirations† (Miller, 1996 99). Moral individualism, wrote Durkheim, is â€Å"the individualism of Kant, Rousseau, of the spiritualities — the one that the Declaration of the Rights of Man attempted, more or less happily, to formulate and that is currently taught in our schools and has become the basis of our moral character (Pickering 2001 194). This type of individualism is â€Å"profoundly different† from the egoistic type. Far from making personal interest the object of conduct, this one sees in all personal motives the very source of evil (Tucker, 2001 68). According to Kant, the individual is only certain of acting properly if the motives that influence the person relate, not to the particular circumstance in which the person is placed, but to the equality as a man in abstract (Holmes, 1995 89). On the other hand, Rousseau’s concept of the general will is an authentic expression of justice insofar as it is constituted not by personal interest, but by public goods and concerns (McLean, 2006 326). Durkheim concluded, thus, for both these men, the only moral ways of acting are those that can be applied to all men indiscriminately, which are implied in the notion of man in general duty consists in disregarding all that concerns us personally in order to seek out fellowmen (Pickering 2001 195). It is perhaps more accurate to say that Durkheim’s moral individualism invented this tradition as much as It belongs to it (Holmes, 1995 86). Durkheim attempted to piece together his own â€Å"communitarian† account of his favorite varieties of liberalism (Hamilton, 1995 142). A set of liberal, democratic traditions already existed; however, Durkheim was well aware of competing communitarian traditions, such as those of the Royalists and the conservative Roman Catholics, as well as of competing liberal traditions, such as those of the classical economists and utilitarians (McLean, 2006 320). Durkheim attempted to show that in the vocabulary of moral individualism there is no fundamental opposition between individual rights and the common good. He first advanced what he considered to be the necessary communal, social Interpretation of the Kantian autonomous Individual (Pickering 2001 193). Conclusion Egoism is equated with individualism wherein Durkheim defines it in terms of â€Å"sentiments and representations which are exclusively personal†, and indeed just talks of it as â€Å"individuality†. This does not sound as if it can just be a matter of organic diversity, of differences that are complementary and cohesive rather than conflicting nor is it. The crucial passage comes earlier on, when Durkheim discusses the nature of the modern conscience collective and of the human ideal at its core. From the perspectives of other liberal philosophers of Adam Smith, liberalism is in the aspects of economic and social strengths wherein the society and industry are in continuous interplays of identities; Hobbes emphasized the universal right to personally convene a decision as the basic form of individuality. Rousseau and Kant exemplified liberalism in the form of rights of man to achieve utmost happiness as the form of individuality. Bibliography Berkowitz, P. (1999). Virtue and the Making of Modern Liberalism. Princeton University Press. Hamilton, P. (1995). Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments. Routledge. Holmes, S. H. (1995). Passions and Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy. University of Chicago Press. McLean, L. (2006). Adam Smith, Radical and Egalitarian: Radical and Egalitarian. Edinburgh University Press. MIller, W. W. (1996). Durkheim, Morals and Modernity. McGill-Queens Press. Pickering, W. F. (2001). Emile Durkheim: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists. Routledge. Tucker, K. H. (2001). Classical Social Theory: A Contemporary Approach. Blackwell Publishing.

Free Essays - No Innocence in Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

No Innocence in Catcher in the Rye Probably the greatest irony of the novel is the fact that, despite his love of "childhood innocence," Holden is and acts far from innocent himself. In fact, he is its antithesis. He acts that way for many reasons. First of all, he has so many responsibilities. Second, he never fits in with the crowd, and finally, he never gets any real help for the problems that he deals with. Holden does have a love for "childhood innocence" as seen across the book. For example, on page two hundred and one "Somebody'd written ' Fuck you' on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and how they'd wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tell them-cockeyed naturally- what it meant, and how they'd all think about it and maybe even worry about it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoever'd written it... But I rubbed it [The 'fuck you' written on the wall] out anyway." Another example is on page two hundred and eight, "'So shut up.' It was the first time she [Phoebe] ever told me to shut up. It sounded terrible. God, it sounded terrible. It sounded worse than swearing." There is one more outstanding quotation from the novel which is found on page two hundred and thirteen. "I felt so damn happy all of a sudden, the way old Phoebe was going around and around [the carousel]." All these examples clearly show that Holden appreciated "childhood innocence" to a great extent. Yet Holden acts the opposite. The irony in this novel is Holden's behavior, which is far from being innocent. He smokes, drinks, always depressed, thinks about suicide, thinks about going embarking to a far place, and has people tell and act in many weird ways. There are three main reasons why he acts this way. Firstly, Holden being only sixteen years of age already has so much responsibility. He has to get money for food and travel. When he travels he has to make sure he doesn't get lost, and actually gets there. He has to make sure that he doesn't flunk school.

Organising An Event: Market Research Essay

INTRODUCTION There is a proverb that says ‘If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.’ This is very true, I will support this theory. Planning is an essential part of everyone’s life. I will look at a time schedule of a typical school child. For instance, a school pupil will set his or her alarm clock to go off at 7.30am. This is so that he or she can give him or herself around half an hour to use the shower and get ready for school. He or she will then be ready to have breakfast and leave for school around 8.30am in time for school at 9am. The pupil’s time has been valued and organized in such a way that he or she can make it on time for school lessons, otherwise if the pupil did things in their own time, he or she would never make it on time for school and miss out in what the teacher has already taught (This is the negative consequence and therefore in this case, failure). Even school lessons are planned. For example, a student may be in school from 9 to 3pm i.e. 6 hours. Therefore, the school may plan the students’ timetable in such a way that the student gets half an hour for break, an hour for lunch and about 50 minutes for each subject. This way, the tutors can plan what they want to say in the 50 minute interval and not spontaneously run into other tutors time and students’ breaks. Similarly when holding an event, in this case a business conference, it is important that every aspect of the event is well managed, analyzed, rehearsed and assessed to ensure that everything goes according to plan. Some of these aspects can include the consumers. The consumers are the ones who are going on the trip to the conference so firstly, their safety is the trip administrators’ top priority. For example all aspects of the consumers’ health and safety have to be reviewed like if they have any medical histories, current/past allergies and many more. This is the nature of things that have to be carefully considered in order for trip to go well. The intentions of this essay is to successfully report upon all stages of the business conference planning process from the start i.e. whether the event has the potential and the required resources to enable it to go all the way to the end, i.e. giving an account on personal experiences from the trip and future recommendations. Simply it will be divided into three parts: a beginning, middle and an end. These three stages will be: 1. Market Research: This will lead to whether the event has the potential to go on at all or not. 2. Planning: If it is confirmed that the event can go on, it will then be safe to proceed. Planning and analyzing all aspects of the event from start to finish can then occur. 3. Finalizing the event, the event and finalizing the report: Once the event is flawlessly planned, it can successfully take place. Once the event is over, post-event experiences and remarks can be included in the report to conclude it. STAGE 1: MARKET RESEARCH- VIABILITY & FEASIBILITY OF THE EVENT CONSUMERS The people who are going to use the service (i.e. the AS level business studies students who could potentially want to go on the trip) need to be aware of this upcoming event. Therefore it is important that they are aware of the reason for the event being held at the first place, to let as many people as possible understand why they need to come to this conference trip. In order to find out this information from people, a survey will need to be carried out focusing on the target population researching whether or not anybody will be interested in coming on this trip. This target population is the AS level Business Studies Class of Marlborough school in St. Albans. However, this can be time-consuming to carry out and the decision of whether the AS level students can travel abroad for the business conference trip is down to their parents. So waiting for the students to ask their parents to grant them permission and give them the green light can waste time especially when they forget. Also, if the students cannot find the survey researcher to answer whether or not they can go on the trip can throw away even more precious time. Therefore it can be deduced that, an even more tangible, more effective method of communicating this message and obtaining this information as soon as possible without hesitation would be required. FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS Previously before the school summer vacations i.e. 18th June 2007, the event organizers of the year thirteen business studies students decided on a financial aim at the meeting. This was to obtain the most cheapest yet superb value for money costs going towards the trip. Therefore, they brainstormed capitals of the world that would meet their goal, also which would offer a great diversity of businesses, for the year twelve business studies class to obtain case studies from. Capital destinations which were suggested and seemed suitable included Prague, Cape Town, Budapest, Rome, Barcelona and New York. Due to Travel and Tour companies including â€Å"European Study Tours,† language barriers can be prevailed over, meaning that the trip could still be feasible in any of these locations, making the short listing and elimination process a little more difficult. Theoretically, the further the location from Marlborough school, the more expensive the trip will cost to travel too. This meant that destinations such as New York will have to be eliminated from the potential choices list automatically since it is the furthest away from the United Kingdom, although the city has a wide range of medium to large sized organizations. As a result, the choices of destinations were narrowed down to those either in Asia or Europe. Budapest, as opposed to Prague and Rome which were all located in Europe, did not seem like they had much to offer in terms of business diversity. Therefore, it remained Europe: Prague, Rome and Barcelona. Since these three locations were large cities and also located in Europe, them being the nearest to England, they all seem convenient. However, due to the costs the travel and tours companies would offer for them, as well as the length of stay the trip required and the dates, Prague was selected. This was the most affordable and convenient at two hundred and twenty- nine pounds for three nights offered by â€Å"European Study Tours.† Therefore, the event organisers had obtained a budget covering the compulsory costs including travel to Prague, accommodation and the conference event. At first meeting back after the school summer vacations i.e. 24th September 2007, the event organizers of the year thirteen business studies students decided that the Prague trip should take place in the spring term. This will be at the middle of the 2007-2008 academic years i.e. February 22nd 2008, where the gaps between the spring season will be occupied by some examinations mainly taken by the target consumers of the trip i.e. The lower sixth form business studies students. Financially, this is ideal. If the trip was to take place in the Autumn/Winter term, due to the Christmas Holidays, the costs of the travel to Prague by air travel will rocket up due to popularity. Likewise, if it were to take place in the summer term, costs of air travel will, again shoot up because of the long summer vacation approaching just around the corner. Therefore, by selecting Prague, travel costs have been minimized. FEASIBILITY OF THE EVENT Quotes have been obtained from â€Å"European Study Tours,† and so it is safe to reveal the news about the Prague conference trip to the lower sixth form business studies class. It was needed to know the popularity of the event, despite the budgets. Also, on the 24th September 2007, the event organisers discussed revealing this news to the target consumers. Notice was given to the whole group by the event head organiser, that the lower sixth form business studies students were divided into two separate classes at two different times; an afternoon class and a morning class due to their great size in total. Therefore, the event head organiser proposed that three group members must inform the morning class and another three people must inform the afternoon class. The reason being was for a confidence boost since making a speech to a large number of people can possibly intimidate some of the event organisers. So, group members without assigned responsibilities at the time, volunteered to reveal the news concerning the Prague trip to the lower year business studies students. To inform the morning class were the assigned informants: Laura Port, Adam Mead and Sunil Rajput. Also, to inform the afternoon class were the assigned informants James Dillon, Joe Medlin, and Adrian Daniels. In addition, unexpected informant, Louise Conyard, also joined the other three informants. As a result, the morning class informants reported that â€Å"a majority of the wanted to go.† (I.e. Laura Port, Adam Mead and Sunil Rajput). Also, the afternoon class informants responded that â€Å"the whole class put their hands up to go on the trip. † (i.e. Joe Medlin, James Dillon, Adrian Daniels and Louise Conyard). Therefore, it can be deduced that the conference event trip to Prague is highly feasible in terms of popularity. SMART AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Therefore, it was now necessary to establish SMART (i.e. specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound) objectives. These objectives will act as a guide for the whole group of event organisers, to monitor their progress on meeting certain deadlines. These are: * To provisionally book sixty-five year twelve business studies students including the supervision staff and the year thirteen event organisers with ‘European Study Tours’ by Monday 15th October 2007: This will secure places for the approximate number of people who would like to go, but not certain can afford to go on the Prague trip. * To plan and implement all fundraising activities by Wednesday 31st October 2007: The current travel and accommodation budget of two hundred to two hundred and sixty pounds is not affordable by everyone. So, therefore the bar needs to be raised as much as possible before informing the parents of the final cost of this in the letters. * To have raised sufficient funds to pay for the coach fees by Tuesday 20th November 2007: Funds will need to raised, to pay for the coach. This is a fixed cost and not variable, so including it among the travel and accommodation costs will be difficult and it will make the trip seem even more expensive. It is difficult because it cannot be calculated exactly how much the coach will cost per student, since at the end of the day, the number of students going on the Prague tip can vary. * To have all letters to the Parents of the year twelve business studies students concerning the Prague trip, by Wednesday 30th November: The parents need to be aware of the cost of the trip at this time as the holiday ‘Christmas’ is rapidly approaching. Some people spend money to purchase Christmas gifts in advance, and so informing them about the year twelve business studies students Prague trip a month before, can encourage Parents, guardians or whoever will want to pay for the trip, to monitor their finances carefully. * To have all sixty-pound deposits in by Thursday 20th December 2007: As the Prague trip will be a couple of months away, the number of students going will have to be certain by paying deposits, so the planning process of the trip can proceed. * To have secured by Monday 15th January 2008, four guest speakers (ranging from medium to large sized organizations), to share their perspective of business planning and a typical day for them: People in Businesses have tight schedules, and so most people need to be conscious of things in advance otherwise they may make other plans to fill up their schedule. In this case, the potential guest speakers will need to be contacted and arranged for suitable dates, to give their inspirational speeches to the year twelve business studies students. * To have arranged an evening for Parents to discuss matters concerning the Prague trip for the year twelve business studies students, by Thursday 31st January 2008: As around this time, the trip will be rapidly approaching with only two to three weeks to go. Therefore, final preparations will have to be made including the parents of the year twelve business studies students, to discuss any problems they have concerning the trip, as well as hearing the Prague trip’s programme in detail. * To have designed and printed out guest speakers’ programme and evaluation and feedback sheets by Monday 11th February 2008: The year twelve business studies students will need to be aware of what the guest speaker is going to emphasize on, so that they will know what to listen out for when taking notes, making it easier for them to organise them. At the end of the conference, the year thirteen students will need to obtain remarks based on the event, and so the easiest way to do it, instead of asking everyone who participated later, is to hand out feedback sheets for them to fill in straight after the event. Since the ‘SMART objectives’ have been established, the ‘SMART aims’ can now be stated as well, as all the objectives contribute towards these. These aims are: * To plan and execute the Prague Trip (from start to finish) within twenty-seven weeks. * To ensure that the Prague Trip is feasible in terms of the year twelve business studies students. * To ensure that the Prague Trip is viable in terms of the year twelve business studies students. * To provide the year twelve business studies group with an abundance of case studies to apply in their end of year examinations. * To arrive in Prague to run conference event safely, and to return to Marlborough School safely. VIABILITY AND FURTHER FEASIBILITY OF THE EVENT Since that a majority of the lower sixth form Business Studies students wish to take part in the trip. This may mean that fixed costs will be more difficult to meet; compared to having a few consumers i.e. the lower sixth form business studies students. However, having numerous consumers can be advantageous when it comes to bulk purchase of the â€Å"European Study Tours† service, as this could qualify for a discount eventually reducing the costs per person. Although there is a possibility of a discount from the travel and tours, it is not worth taking a risk and waiting till all the finances are in before finding out. Pressurizing the consumers i.e. the lower sixth form business studies students, to pay within an unreasonable deadline is unethical. This will not be fair on them since the event organizers who have proposed the idea of the trip are the ones convincing them, and their parents or guardians. In the long run, this will only put the chances of the consumers deciding to go into jeopardy. This will only aggravate the state of the situation, eventually repelling the consumers. Moreover, analysing the potential scenario situation in a deeper perspective, the inter-relationship of the consumers’ parents and the school will be affected. Also, this may even heavily influence the decision the parents make, regarding giving permission to let their child go on future trips with Marlborough school. Most significantly, the year twelve business studies students are less likely to have suitable case studies resources to use in their examinations, and the event organizers may have to consider the event unviable, thereby calling it off entirely. As a result, time is a very important element in this trip to Prague. Any mistakes or situations that could arise during the administration of the trip cannot be undone because it is impossible to go back in time. It is crucial that everything is organised carefully by the event organisers. Therefore, in conclusion, at the 1st October 2007 meeting, the event organisers reached a verdict to hold a fundraising event. Here, the bar can be lowered to make it easier and faster to meet the deadlines of the variable costs finances, thereby reducing time constraints. This is as there are time constraints to when all the finances can be collected by. Also, at this meeting on 1st October 2007, all of the event organisers proposed fundraising events to investigate into its feasibility and viability. James Dillon and Joe Medlin suggested a school taxi service transporting students to various destinations like parties, outside school in return for a reasonable fee to raise money. Sunil Rajput and Adam Mead came up with a cake stall to raise money. James Wardy and James Flaherty came up with the idea of a football tournament. Louise Conyard, Laura Port and James Lindsay decided into bag packing at a local supermarket. Laura Port and James Lindsay is employed with the supermarket giant â€Å"Sainsburys,† a contact which would be very useful for this fundraising activity for the whole group. Finally, Adrian Daniels and Michael Garvis looked into Muj’s idea of a â€Å"Halloween† themed disco, as the holiday was only a few weeks away making it more sense to do it. At the following week’s meeting i.e. 8th October 2007, all the event organisers reported upon their idea’s feasibility and viability. Adrian Daniels and Michael Garvis reported on the Muj’s idea, which was also included in the investigation, into a â€Å"Halloween† themed school disco. Michael Garvis calculated an estimated budget if this ideas was to be chosen and become a reality. However, plenty of students were required to turn up for the event and to pay the price of around three pounds per person for admission to break-even and produce profit. But this was not for certain to happen, so the even needed to be inviting as possible and promoted as much as possible to ensure that a lot of people turn up. In addition, Adrian Daniels found out that the school hall was not free of charge, although all the event organisers were part of the Marlborough School Students. By the fact that the hall is being used for profit-making reasons, money will be required to be able to hire. Therefore, another fundraising activity would be required to raise start-up capital to be able to afford the hall, which would not require start-up capital. The school hall is the venue of the disco, so it would be essential to run the disco. However, this was not going to be necessary as Muj looked into sponsoring of the event. He asked his local costume store in Watford for sponsorship in return of customers. Through sponsoring, another fundraising event would not be necessary anymore, since the costume store will cover the hall costs in exchange for giving them plenty of customers. Alternatively, Adrian Daniels carried out some secondary research. He interviewed the student â€Å"Elke Cooper† a current year thirteen student with previous experiences with organising a similar event, a â€Å"Valentine Day’s† Ball. She mentioned several essentials to consider. However, she emphasized on the fact that â€Å"the advertising of the event had to be very effective to the target audience as much as possible, including the Marlborough School Newsletter.† Also, in terms of the event taking place, she pointed out that the event cannot be carried out during half term since the school hall facilities will be booked and used by local sports clubs. In addition, the school students may have other arranged plans and might prefer doing something other than going to the Halloween Disco. On the other hand, she also explained that the event could not happen after half term on the actual Halloween day. Halloween Day on the 2007 calendar is on a Wednesday, which is on a weekday. Unfortunately, for the event organisers, Halloween day is not a national holiday but a normal school day for students, meaning the only available time to run the event would be after school. Marlborough School starts at nine in the morning and closes at five past three in the afternoon. After a long day of hard work, the students will feel exhausted and would want to go home to relax. They would want to get rest, so later in the evening they can go â€Å"trick or treating.† However, due to the winter season, the sky gets dark very fast. So, students can bring their costumes to school and after school, they can get ready whilst the disco hall gets prepared. Finally, the event can take place when it is slightly dark, some students catch the coach to school in the morning and back from school, so running this event after school on Halloween Day may not be an option at all. As a result, the event is neither feasible nor viable. James Dillon and Joe Medlin reported back on their text service idea. They suggested that services income is estimated to be around a hundred pounds, due to students who may require a ride to various upcoming parties over Friday and Saturday night. However, it is not certain that these students will require rides to parties that may or may not take place, since they can always be cancelled at the last minute. Therefore, this fundraising method may not seem very reliable in producing over a hundred pounds, thereby not worth doing since there are other potential fundraising methods more likely to bring in more income. Moreover, at the meeting i.e. 8th October 2007, Joe Medlin and James Dillon suggested that they may require more drivers within the trip organizing group. This is so that the event organisers would not have to raise extra capital to pay drivers outside this group, which can lead to less net profit. So, in addition to Joe Medlin, Sunil Rajput, James Wardy and Adam Mead all volunteered to help, who are also qualified drivers over the age of seventeen. However, relying on all these drivers to be present when needed to give rides is not a risk worth taking. As a result, although this fundraising method may be feasible, it is certainly not viable. Alternatively, James Wardy and James Flarherty gave feedback based on their research into a football tournament. This fundraising method seemed feasible due to similar past fundraising methods†¦ â€Å"Hamza Bhandari,† a previous year thirteen business studies student was contacted on 6th October 2007 by Adrian Daniels, one of the event organisers. Hamza was interviewed about his past part in the participation in the school fundraising events. He replied that â€Å"a penalty shootout was run to raise money, eighty pounds was raised in total.†It was successful as a substantial amount of money was raised i.e. eighty pounds. Therefore, it can be predicted that the football tournament is very likely to succeed, due the very similar â€Å"penalty shootout† used to raise funds. It can be predicted that the football tournament is very likely to succeed, due to the very similar â€Å"penalty shootout† used to raise funds. It can be deduced that the event is feasible. As a result, to ensure that the event was viable, James Flaherty and James Wardy spoke to a Physical Education department member, Mr. Lucas, about availability of the school gym facilities to carry out the fundraising event. However, similarly to the â€Å"Halloween School Disco†, the hall must be hired again due to the fact that it is after school hours and the event is held purposefully to make profit. However, it was said also that there would be no time available during school, on break and lunch times. Therefore, the only time to carry out the event would be after school, meaning far less people would be available to stay and also willing to take part, particularly because there is a fee involved for participation and some people may prefer to go home instead. Consequently, this event is considered to be not very viable. Another potential fundraising event was bag packing, which was investigated by Laura Port, James Lindsay and Louise Conyard. James Lindsay was given permission by Sainsbury’s to do the bag packing on the Saturday of 20th October 2007, and the Saturday of 3rd November 2007. However, a disadvantage of this date is that unfortunately most of the event organisers (i.e. the year thirteen business studies students) work on this day. This means that it will be difficult getting everybody to take time off work successfully to take part in bag packing. Although not every single event organiser is working on a Saturday, but having only a few people to help out can significantly reduce the amounts of profit made. And so, the numbers of people present to help need to be maximised, in order to maximise the profits made from the bag packing. But the bag packing activity will not be for the whole day. So, if the event organisers working on a Saturday morning and sacrifice their time after work to help out, their work will not clash with bag packing, and therefore both can occur with no problem. On the other hand, those working afternoon shifts on Saturdays can help out in the mornings to contribute their share of bag packing. This flexibility even enables those without employment on a Saturday, to choose whenever shift (i.e. in the morning or afternoon) they feel is more suitable for them on the day. Previously, the last year thirteen was successful working twelve ‘o’ clock to five ‘o’ clock in the afternoon, and producing eight hundred pounds according to ‘James Flaherty’ on the 8th October meeting. Therefore, a similar time to do the shift can recreate the success last year. Another situation arising from selecting this fundraising event is that, the Sainsbury’s that gave James Lindsay permission is based in Garston. Marlborough school is based in St. Albans and so theoretically, this is where most people live and so a local Sainsbury’s branch will be more convenient. This also applied to the event organisers, where the majority was found to reside in St. Albans. This can be a problem because those who do not live near or in Garston will have to commute with a cost which may include paying train fare, arranging lifts or even using own car’s petrol and also paying for a parking ticket for the long hours of bag packing. Ultimately, this will add up towards the overall costs that each event organiser would have to pay to go on the Prague trip. Nevertheless, Laura port one of the event organisers, devised a solution to the problem. Fortunately for the group, she is in contact with the St. Albans Sainsbury’s branch, and so found out about doing bag packing over there. Laura found out that she needs to appeal with a letter to this branch convincing enough to let the bag packing event happen over there. As a result, it can be deduced that this fundraising event is very feasible as ‘James Lindsay’ was granted permission to do it at his local branch at ‘Garston’, and very viable due to last year’s profits from the event, told by ‘James Flaherty’ i.e. eight hundred pounds. Finally, Sunil Rajput and Adam Mead commented on their research in doing a Cake Stall to raise money. Adam Mead informed the manager and found out that he had to obtain the canteen staff’s full approval before running the event. The canteen staff responded that the event can take place during break time and lunch time. After the entire assigned event organisers contributed their research into potential fundraising activities to increase the finance available for the Prague trip, a vote was made by the organisers to decide the top two activities that should be used for fundraising. Each organiser wrote their top two choices on a piece of paper, and folded it up to prevent any organiser from seeing this so that it would not influence their choices. The majority votes won which were the ‘Cake Stall’ and ‘Bag Packing.’ More votes were made to decide which activity was going to be the fundraiser, this time the whole group votes by hand. Majority votes ruled, and the ‘Cake Stall’ was chosen. Without delay, plans were made to achieve and end this fundraising as soon as possible; to meet the Prague trip aim was ‘To complete fundraising events by the end of October’. Therefore, Sunil Rajput and Adam Mead were assigned to confirm to the canteen staff that the fundraising event was going to happen. James Lindsay was assigned to write up a brief column in the Marlborough School newsletter concerning the Cake Stall and the reason for doing it. Toyosi Akinola was also assigned, to write a letter to the school head. Tinashe J. was assigned to inform the school office about the cake stall, asking if the school reception can be a collection point for the cakes. On the other hand, everybody needed to decide on a date to carry out the event. As a result, the whole group selected ‘Friday 19th October 2007’. On this day of the week, year thirteen have plenty of free time, since that there is a free period in the morning (i.e 9.00am- 10.00am) , plus a one and a half period (i.e. one hour thirty minutes) of General studies, which also leaves plenty of time to spare before the sixth form lunch time (i.e. 12.25am- 1.05pm). This schedule will enable the event organisers to serve cakes during the lower/higher breaks (i.e. 10.00am- 10.20am and 11.00- 11.20am respectively) and the lower/higher lunches ( i.e. 12.20am- 1.05pm and 1.20pm-2.05pm respectively). Also, with this day being the following week, sufficient time was created to advertise the upcoming cake stall to the school effectively. One of the main methods use to promote the cake stall was the posters that the group were asked to design, and assess at the next meeting before duplicating them to put around school . An example of one of the posters put around the school grounds was: (see next page) The cake stall needed cakes to sell for profit in the cake stall. This was not included in the poster because it might put people off buying cakes from the cake stall. Therefore, the whole group came to a decision to bring in as many cakes, biscuits and other related confectionary such as cookies, whether cooked or purchased. Also, in the newsletter column that ‘James Lindsay’ was assigned to compose, included that The following meeting was on Monday 15th October 2007. Toyosi Akinola was successful in convincing the head to permit the cake stall sell to happen with his fantastic letter. And so this was the official confirmation to let the cake stall take place on the upcoming Friday. As a result, the promotion of this stall had to be more effective. So, the event organisers all contributed in phrasing a memo to all teachers in the school. This is how the memo turned out: CAKE SELL Please read this out to the class (Teachers) As part of their A-level Business Studies course, the year thirteen business studies students need to organise an event. They need to hold a cake sale on Friday. And to reduce the costs of this event, they need to hold this in Pascal Hall in 19th October during both breaks and lunch time. The teachers informing the students about the cake stall will ensure that they are all aware of it, even if they do not spot the posters being posted up around the school. However, those who were absent to hear this memo may find out about the cake stall through the posters or their friends through word of mouth as ‘gossip is a great traveller’. Also, the event organisers brought in their poster designs and showed each other. Then the whole group decided what could be done to improve them before putting them up around the whole school. This is what one of the posters looked after amendments have been made: The more improved versions of the poster did not include the fact that the event for was for the profit-making purpose to raise funds for the Prague trip. This part of the poster was not necessary and it had to be brief and straight to the point for people to read the whole message. However, if it was made long some people would be put off and walk away from the poster, thereby missing out on the essential message that the cake stall is on the upcoming Friday. James Lindsay failed to submit the memo to all of the teachers concerning the Cake stall. However, the newsletter column composed by the event organiser head was released by Friday, at the end of the school week. This backed up James Lindsay and the message concerning the upcoming Cake Stall got through to all of the students who picked up a newsletter in their form rooms. These newsletters are usually handed out by the students form tutors, and so the chance of them receiving the newsletter was very high. The event organiser chair decided that all of the event organisers needed to a break time and a lunch time each, be it a lower or higher one. The lower and higher break and lunch time shifts had to be evenly distributed to all the event organisers, to make it fair on everyone. So everybody volunteered to do combinations of lower/higher breaks and lower/higher lunches to suit their own flexibility. When it seemed that too many people were in one group, (i.e. a lower/higher break or a lower/higher lunch) then event organisers such as ‘Adrian Daniels’ changed group for the sake of fairness, by changing from a lower lunch to an upper lunch. As a result, this was the outcome for the Cake Stall schedule for Friday 19th October 2007: Lower Break Upper Break Lower Lunch Higher Lunch (10.00-10.20) (11.00-11.20) (12.20-13.05) (13.20-14.05) Adam Lindsay Lindsay Adam Laura Wardy Laura Adrian Louise Dillon Wardy Joe Adrian Toyosi Dillon Muj Michael Flaherty Toyosi Tinashe Muj Joe Flaherty Louise Tinashe Tinashe Michael The Cake Stall schedule was put together in a a way, that there will be sufficient ratio of event organisers selling and supervising, to the consumers (i.e. the school years on break or lunch time, like the years seven, eight and nine out for upper break). This way, there would not be too many event organisers at the Cake Stall at one time, or too little event organisers at the cake stall to cope at one time. Although there was an equal number of event organisers out for each cake stall except the ‘upper lunch’, it did not matter because any body free at the time of the ‘upper lunch’ can give additional help if needed. So even if one person turned up to help the ‘upper lunch’ and make all the cake stall time schedules equal, it was adequate and fair. Thursday 18th October was the date set for the event organisers to hand in their cakes. There were various ‘cake hand-in points’ to take the cakes too, because the canteen would only hold the cakes for the day of the cakes stall. Some of these points were the school ‘reception’ and the ‘business studies department office’. These places were selected so that the cakes could be kept secure. Preservations were not a situation as all the cakes and other confectionary had expiry dates displayed on them. This date was also the day before the big cakes stall sell, so if anybody forgot to bring in the cakes on the actual day (i.e. Friday 19th October 2007) they could bring them in, in advance. However, if anybody forgot to bring them in on Thursday, the following meeting on Thursday acted as a reminder. The finances concerning the cake stall were also discussed at the 15th October 2007 meeting. The following meeting was on Thursday 18th October, the day before the cakes stall sell. Laura Port was assigned by the event organisers’ chair to collect ten pounds worth of change from the bursar. Change was required for the cake stall to start-up with, otherwise waiting to make adequate money through the cake sells in order to give the consumers (i.e. school students) change can be time consuming. The school students break or lunch time is for a limited time only. So the school students would want to be able to buy their cakes, have their break or lunch, and then finish in time for their next lessons. The event organisers also agreed that the cakes will sell from prices ranging from twenty-five to fifty pence. The prices of the cakes and the other confectionary were to be confirmed for the next meeting. ‘Michael Garvis volunteered to bring in some margarine containers to collect the money made from the cake stall in. ‘Petty cash’ or coins will mainly be used by the customers to pay for the cakes and other confectionary, so there would not be a need for a cash register. The ratio of event organisers to customers will also be sufficient enough for them to supervise the money right in front of them. The ‘year eight’ group was due to be absent for the day, which could possibly affect the rate of sales, and more significantly, the rate of sales. ‘Joe Medlin’ and ‘Adrian Daniels’ volunteered to collect the money made from the cake stall at the last sell, at upper lunch, to the treasurer. He or she can calculate how much has been made and keep the funds safe for future use i.e. costs going towards the trip such as coach fees. The finance issues concerning the cake stall had been discussed and sorted. So next were the health and safety concerns for the sale: The event organisers agreed to arrive ten minutes early before the cake stall sell. This would allow enough time to setup the cake stall in the hall before any commotion is caused by the consumers (i.e. the Marlborough school students). Also, it was agreed between the event organisers that the cake stall queue had to be organised, to prevent the consumers pushing each other about to get into the line. However, if the cake stall was not so popular and only a few students turned up, it may not be necessary to create a queue barrier. Since there is a chance of fights arising from the queue, a risk assessment is to be created to evaluate how severe incidents could potentially become during the cake stall. Then suitable health and safety measures can be carried out to protect the consumers and customers, (i.e. the school students) the cakes and other people like the teachers. As the cake stall is a business, the Government’s health and safety procedures have to be observed: http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/EnvironmentalServices/HealthAndSafety/hs_riskassessments.pdf Therefore according to the ‘Health & Safety at Work Act 1974’, employers are to take â€Å"reasonably practicable† precautions in various areas to safeguard employees. In this case, the event organizers are to consider suitable safety measures in the cake stall to protect all the stakeholders, which include the customers and the teachers. To do this it must be ensured that good judgment is made about the extent of risks that could happen at the cake stall, and its consequences. In regards to the legal governmental health and safety Governmental requirements, the ‘Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992/1999’ has also been considered. It states that: â€Å"Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The risks to the health and safety of his/her employees to which they are exposed while they are at work; and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him or his undertaking: For the purposes of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisions†. The findings must be recorded if five or more are employed. In this case, a risk assessment must be drawn up by all the event organisers for the cake stall, in order to produce health and safety solutions for the event. Therefore, a risk assessment will be carried out. CAKE STALL RISK ASSESSMENT LOCATION: ACTIVITY: SELLING CAKES PASCAL HALL, AT STAND, AND OTHER MARLBOROUGH CONFECTIONARY SUCH AS SCHOOL COOKIES PEOPLE AT RISK: MARLBOROUGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, CUSTOMERS, CONSUMERS, TEACHERS, CANTEEN STAFF. POTENTIAL HAZARDS: FIGHTING (E.G QUEUE PUSHING) EXPIRED CAKES AND OTHER CONFECTIONARY EXCITED CUSTOMERS NOISE NUTS IN CAKES, COOKIES, MUFFIN, ETC TABLE LEG WET ADJUSTMENTS FLOOR MOPED BY CLEANING STAFF POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES: SLIPPING TRIPPING OVER STAIRS FOOD ALLERGIES TOE INJURY BLINDING FOOD CONTAMINATION EXISTING CONTROLS: FRESHLY BAKED CAKES/BISCUITS CAKES AND OTHER CONFECTIONARY PURCHASED WITH A VALID EXPIRY DATE RISK RATING WITH EXISTING CONTROLS: HIGH MEDIUM ? (Major Injury: Fighting) LOW NEW CONTROLS REQUIRED: QUEUE BARRIERS (To be improvised with chairs) TEACHER SUPERVISION ENSURING THAT THE HALL FLOOR IS COMPLETELY DRY BEFORE CAKE SELLING BEGINS CAKE STALL TABLES TO BE KEPT FIRMLY TOGETHER IN POSITION RISK RATING WITH NEW CONTROLS: HIGH MEDIUM LOW ? (Major injuries: tripping over stairs, food allergies {all cakes that are purchased from stores like ‘Asda’ are not 100% certain to contain traces of nuts in them) ASSESSOR NAME†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦JOB TITLE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. SIGNATURE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. DATE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦DATE TO BE REVIEWED†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The cakes and other confectionary prices were also decided on at the meeting: (i.e. Thursday 18th October 2007) Fixed Costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Hire of Hall 0 Ten pounds worth of change 10 Cake Stand Tables (school property) 0 Money containers (complimentary of ‘Michael Garvis’) 0 Cakes and other confectionary (donated) 0 Napkins ( Complimentary of ‘James Lindsay’) 0 Total 10 Variable costs (per customer) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Little Muffins 0.25 Plain Cupcakes 0.30 Cupcakes with icing 0.40 Big muffins 0.55 Big Cookies 0.40 Biscuits 0.20 Mini Fairy Cakes 0.20 Flapjacks 0.20 Small Cookies 0.20 The cake stall took place on Friday 19th October 2007. No incidents/accidents happened due to the new improved controls introduced from creating and making risk assessments. The follow-up meeting was 29th October 2007. The cake stall sale was reviewed. The event organisers discussed that the ‘plain cupcakes’ were not so popular during the break times, and therefore were not selling well. As a result, ‘Louise Conyard’ took initiative and sprinkled some icing on top of all of them to add value and sped up sales. This simple action helped to sell all of them. There were certain cakes that were selling well and not selling so well. And so, it was discussed between the event organisers that more of these high in demand cakes could have been purchased during the day of the cake stall to boost sales. This would have also have boosted profits. Also, it was mentioned during the meeting that the cake stall was not as popular as anticipated. This may have been due to the fact that promotion was not as effective as required, and that insufficient posters may have been posted up around the school. In future, marketing of the event would need to be more effective if another fundraising event had to take place, to raise additional funds. However, some of the Marlborough school students may have preferred bringing their own snacks to school or buying other snacks in school, and bringing their own packed lunch to school or buying school dinners from the canteen. This competition between the canteen and the cake stall during the break and lunchtimes could have definitely hindered sales. Not all of the cakes sold at the end of both breaks and lunches, so event organisers including ‘James Dillon’ and ‘Toyosi Akinola’ discussed their idea of how they went round the school trying to boost sales with a tray of cakes and other related confectionary. This was highly successful since all of them were sold! As a result, two hundred and twenty four pounds in total was produced from the event. It was considered that this could be used to pay off the trip’s fixed costs, including the coach fees. However, this was insufficient capital to meet these costs. ‘Adrian Daniels’, one of the groups of event organisers contacted the ‘South Mimms Coach travel service’, a very good, long-term coach supplier for Marlborough School. The quote that Adrian received was that: â€Å"Two coaches including baggage space to transport approximately eighty people would cost five hundred pounds. This will include parking spaces and waiting time at the Luton Airport and Marlborough School.† – A South Mimms Coaches representative From the look of the amount of funds raised from the cake stall, around half of the coach fees have been raised. Therefore, an additional fundraising event will be required and the objective â€Å"to implement all fundraising events by Wednesday 31st October 2007† would have to be extended the maximum an additional month, otherwise it could clash with the deadline to have all the letters to the parents concerning the Prague Trip out. As a result, the second place fundraising event chosen was ‘Bag Packing’, and this alternative will also be used to boost the current funding towards the Prague Trip of two hundred and twenty-four pounds. Laura Port volunteered to get in contact with the Sainsbury’s branch in St. Albans, whilst James Dillon also agreed to get in contact with his local Sainsbury’s branch too, at Garston. Therefore, in order to meet the next objective, this event would have taken place by the end of November. Since at least two Saturdays are required for the whole group to carry out bag packing, and the first fundraising event (i.e. the cake stall) has taken place before the end of October, So far accomplishing the objectives to date, the Prague trip is proved feasible. Since the critical parts of the event organisation process are out of the way, it is possible to proceed with planning the rest of the event and careful monitoring; that everything goes to plan and progress is monitored vigilantly. Most significantly, the finances will have to be watched, since they determine whether or nor the trip will take place entirely. Therefore, a letter to the parents will need to be released by the end of November, making them aware of the upcoming deposit deadlines and other details relevant to the Prague trip. At the first meeting back after the school summer vacations i.e. 24th September 2007, the event organizers of the year thirteen business studies students decided that the most appropriate solution to communicate the message about the Prague trip to the parents would be to write a formal letter as soon as possible. This would explain to the parents as well as the students: > What the event is about > Why they should go on the trip > What is required for the trip to occur > When it will take place and end > What the trip co-coordinators’ are aiming to attain for the students who go on the trip > The eventual benefits > Keeping both parents and the student up-to-date with the most recent news regarding the conference trip. At the end of the letter, an optional ‘cut-out’ permission slip can allow for the student and the parents to agree on whether or not he or she can go on the trip, backed up with their individual signatures. All the event organisers agreed to design a letter being addressed to the parents of the year twelve business studies students concerning the Prague Trip. All the best aspects of the whole groups’ letters’ were to be combined in fashioning the perfect letter. An example of a letter design of one of the event organisers was: Re: Educational Trip to Prague Dear Sir/Madam, We are proud to inform you that the Year 13 Business Studies students are organizing a business conference that will be great benefit to your child’s education, particularly in AS level Business Studies. At the end of the course, students must write a Business Studies exam based on ‘people at work.’ In this exam, they will have to apply that knowledge of what they have learnt during the year, including applying and referring it to real- existing business firms. The exam is worth 33.3% of their final AS grade in the course, so the information they can obtain from companies to apply in case studies to fulfil their exam specification requirements is vital. Various guest speakers representing the different business firms will come in and give an inspirational talk to the students about what their job role is on a typical day as well as their personal experiences. The students will be given plenty of opportunities to take notes and questions, so they will most definitely make the most of their stay their. They will also visit businesses like a beer factory and also have time to do some Prague sightseeing while they are appreciating the scenery of places like the ‘Prague Castle,’ etc. The trip to Prague, the capital city of Czech Republic will take place on Thursday 21st February till Sunday 24th February 2008. Coaches will arrive and depart on time to their airport, so please ensure that your child gets to the departure point at a suitable time. We will ensure that you will be informed about most recent news regarding this trip, so we will keep you updated. Communication is very important, especially when there are time constraints. Therefore, it is vital that when it comes to communicating, it is done effectively so that all the event organizers are motivated to persevere to accomplish the Prague Trip objectives. Time could be constrained even more if they are demotivated to meet these goals, which makes communication crucial for the event to succeed. Although all the event organizers may have the potential to succeed as a unit (i.e. a ‘pseudo’ team), but however if they are all not organized well enough and fail to contribute to the team where they may specialize, for example bringing in imaginative concepts to which everyone going to the Prague trip can alert each other whenever when in Prague, then the whole group is at risk of collapsing. Therefore, the event organizers need allocate one another job roles where each other fits in or works best. But before this can happen, the whole group needs to be aware of the Prague trip schedule from start to finish, so that everybody will realize at which point in this schedule they can take an active role in. As a result, a Gantt chart will be created to meet this need.